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Virginia Proctor Powell Florence
Virginia Proctor Powell Florence (October 1, 1897 – 1991) was a trailblazer in both African-American history and the history of librarianship. In 1923 she became the second African-American to be formally trained in librarianship, after Edward Christopher Williams. However, she was still the first Black woman in the United States to earn a degree in library science.〔175 Years of Black Pitt People and Notable Milestones. (2004). Blue Black and Gold 2004: Chancellor Mark A. Norenberg Reports on the Pitt African American Experience, 44. Retrieved on 2009-05-22.〕
==Early life and education==
Virginia Proctor Powell Florence was the only child born to Socrates Edward and Caroline Elizabeth (Proctor) Powell on October 1, 1897 in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. Powell Florence spent her early years in Wilkinsburg until both her mother and father died in 1913. At this time Powell Florence moved to Pittsburgh to live with her aunt.
After moving to Pittsburgh, Powell Florence graduated from Pittsburgh's Fifth Avenue High School in 1915. She followed in her mother's footsteps and continued her education at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio. In 1919, Powell Florence earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from Oberlin and went out into the workforce. She moved back to Pittsburgh where, although having adequate training and experience, she was unable to pursue her desired goal of teaching and spent some time working at her aunt's salon as a beautician. Aware of her passion for children and books, Charles Wilbur Florence, her future husband, encouraged her to pursue a career in librarianship.〔
During a time when African-Americans were rarely considered for admission into predominantly white universities, Powell Florence was considered for admission into the Pittsburgh Carnegie Library School (now the University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences). There was much debate about allowing a black person into the program. School officials were concerned with how white students might react to having a black peer and the likelihood that Powell Florence would find work upon completion of the program was slim. No library in the Pittsburgh area had ever hired a black person with the amount of formal training Powell Florence would have after graduation. After deliberation, school officials decided to admit Powell Florence in 1922 based on her previous academic achievement at Oberlin College.〔Gunn, A. C. (1989). "The struggle of Virginia Proctor Powell Florence: A black woman wants to be a professional..." ''American Libraries'', v20(n2), p154-57. Retrieved on 2009-05-24.〕 Although the school had accepted her, she still had to face discrimination. She was not allowed to interact directly with the white patrons; she was instructed to allow a white patron to answer any questions patrons would have. Nevertheless, she matriculated in 1923, after one year of library school.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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